@article{2009_ForensicsMathematicalLowRate,
author = "Maci{\'a}-Fern{\'a}ndez, Gabriel  and Jes{\'u}s Esteban D{\'i}az Verdejo and Garc{\'i}a-Teodoro, Pedro ",
abstract = "In recent years, variants of denial of service (DoS)
attacks that use low-rate traffic have been proposed, including
the Shrew attack, reduction of quality attacks, and low-rate DoS
attacks against application servers (LoRDAS). All of these are
flooding attacks that take advantage of vulnerability in the victims
for reducing the rate of the traffic. Although their implications
and impact have been comprehensively studied, mainly by means
of simulation, there is a need for mathematical models by which
the behaviour of these sometimes complex processes can be described.
In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for the
LoRDAS attack. This model allows us to evaluate its performance
by relating it to the configuration parameters of the attack and the
dynamics of network and victim. The model is validated by comparing
the performance values given against those obtained from
a simulated environment. In addition, some applicability issues for
the model are contributed, together with interpretation guidelines
to the model’s behaviour. Finally, experience of the model enables
us to make some recommendations for the challenging task of
building defense techniques against this attack.",
issn = "1556-6013",
journal = "IEEE Trans. on Information Forensics And Security",
number = "3",
pages = "519-529",
title = "{M}athematical {M}odel for {L}ow-{R}ate {D}o{S} {A}ttacks {A}gainst {A}pplication {S}ervers",
url = "http://ceres.ugr.es/~gmacia/papers/2009_TOIFS_LoRDASMathematicalModel_versionPublicada.pdf",
volume = "4",
year = "2009",
}